Visible pores, especially on the nose, cheeks, and forehead, are a common cosmetic concern. While they serve a functional role in skin health, enlarged pores can be a frustrating issue. This article examines the underlying causes of enlarged pores, identifies factors contributing to their prominence, and outlines treatment strategies that help minimize their appearance without overpromising results.
What Are Pores and Why Do They Enlarge?
Pores are small openings in the skin that allow oil and sweat to reach the surface. They also house hair follicles and regulate skin hydration and temperature. While all skin has pores, several factors can cause them to appear larger over time.
Causes of Enlarged Pores on the Face
1. Genetics: Some individuals are genetically predisposed to have larger pores. This is often seen in people with naturally oily or thicker skin types.
2. Excess Sebum Production: Overactive sebaceous glands can increase oil output, which collects around the pores and stretches them. This is especially common in the T-zone.
3. Aging and Loss of Elasticity: As skin ages, collagen and elastin decline. This loss of structural support allows pores to sag and appear larger.
4. Sun Damage: Ultraviolet exposure accelerates collagen breakdown, weakening pore structure and increasing visibility.
5. Clogged Pores: The buildup of dead skin cells, dirt, and oil can lead to blackheads or congestion, which stretches the pores.
As Del Rosso, J. Q., & Kircik, L. (2023) state, pore size is influenced by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including age, sebum levels, and UV exposure.
Treating Enlarged Pores: What Works
There is no permanent way to shrink pores, but several methods can help reduce their visibility and prevent them from becoming more pronounced.
1. Topical Retinoids: These vitamin A derivatives normalize cell turnover, prevent clogged pores, and improve skin texture. According to Mambwe et al. (2025), retinoids play a vital role in regulating collagen metabolism and supporting smoother skin.
2. Chemical Exfoliants: Ingredients like salicylic acid and glycolic acid help clear debris from within the pores, improving clarity and reducing the appearance of pores.
3. Microneedling and Nano-Based Therapies: Non-invasive treatments such as microneedling, including devices like the NanoPen, stimulate collagen production. This added support around the pore walls can reduce their visibility. Clinical studies (Meghe et al., 2024) support the use of microneedling as an effective tool for improving pore size and skin texture.
4. Laser Treatments: Fractional lasers or intense pulsed light (IPL) can target oil glands and stimulate collagen remodeling.
5. Clay-Based Masks: These masks are particularly beneficial for individuals with oily skin types. They temporarily reduce shine and help tighten skin
Best Treatment Options for Enlarged Pores
Choosing the right approach depends on factors such as skin type, pore size, and other individual characteristics. Many dermatologists recommend combining topical treatments with periodic in-office procedures to maintain results.
● For oily skin: salicylic acid cleansers and niacinamide-based serums
● For aging skin: retinoids and collagen-stimulating treatments
● For acne-prone skin: light exfoliation and antimicrobial topicals
Proper sun protection is essential to prevent collagen breakdown and worsening pore visibility.
Lifestyle and Prevention Tips
● Daily cleansing: Removes oil, dirt, and makeup that can clog pores.
● Sun protection: Broad-spectrum SPF prevents UV-induced collagen loss.
● Avoid picking: Manipulating pores can cause scarring and make them appear larger.
● Hydration: Well-hydrated skin maintains elasticity and reduces the visibility of pores.
Multiple factors, including oil production, aging, and environmental damage, influence enlarged pores. While they cannot be removed entirely, various skincare practices and professional treatments can help minimize their visibility.
By understanding the mechanisms behind pore enlargement and selecting targeted interventions, individuals can maintain smoother, more refined skin texture.
Emerging Research and Regenerative Options
Newer skin therapies, including exosome-enriched treatments and growth factor-based serums, are being investigated for their role in supporting collagen health and reducing signs of aging, including enlarged pores. While these treatments are still gaining traction, they show potential in non-invasive aesthetic care.
Recent developments in regenerative medicine legislation also indicate a potential for more widespread access to evidence-based biological therapies. Visit the Florida Stem Cell Bill to learn how to add new methods to your regenerative medicine routines.
References
Del Rosso, J. Q., & Kircik, L. (2023). The primary role of sebum in the pathophysiology of acne vulgaris and its therapeutic relevance in acne management. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 35(1), 2296855. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2023.2296855
Mambwe, B., Mellody, K. T., Kiss, O., O’Connor, C., Bell, M., Watson, R. E. B., & Langton, A. K. (2025). Cosmetic retinoid use in photoaged skin: A review of the compounds, their use and mechanisms of action. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 47(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.13013
Meghe, S., Saoji, V., Madke, B., & Singh, A. (2024). Efficacy of microneedling and CO2 laser for acne scar remodelling: A comprehensive review. Cureus, 16(2), e51830. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978375/
